CDNs optimize media streaming by using geographically distributed edge servers to cache and deliver content closer to users, reducing latency and buffering. They employ techniques like adaptive bitrate streaming, dynamic compression, and intelligent caching to enhance performance across devices and network conditions. Advanced routing and load balancing help avoid congestion and ensure smooth delivery, while security measures like DDoS mitigation and DRM protect content. With support for high-resolution video, VR/AR, and WebRTC, CDNs use real-time analytics to measure KPIs like startup time and rebuffering ratio. Future trends include machine learning-driven optimization and integration with 5G and edge computing for even smarter media delivery.